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Home Guard (Sweden)
The Home Guard – National Security Forces ((スウェーデン語:Hemvärnet – Nationella skyddsstyrkorna)) is a military reserve force of the Swedish Armed Forces. It was formally established on May 29, 1940, during World War II upon popular demand. While originally composed of former militia groups, today it comprises half of the Swedish Army, thus constituting the basis of the military defence force of Sweden.
The Swedish National Home Guard consists mainly of local rapid countermeasure units, numbering 17,000 of the 22,000 total Home Guard strength, organised in 300 companies in 70 battalions,〔http://web.archive.org/web/20120612000324/http://tidningenhemvarnet.se/sites/default/files/issues/hv2011-5_hela.pdf〕 with 23 associated auxiliary defence organisations. The majority of the soldiers maintain a civilian job while serving the army part-time. Contemporary rapid countermeasure units were formed in the early 2000s as a consequence of the Swedish government's abolishment of the conscription to the Swedish Armes Forces.
The Commander, ''Rikshemvärnschefen'', is the head of the Home Guard, representing 40 000 present and veteran soldiers, reporting directly to the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces.
==History==
The establishment of the Home Guard was passed into law by the Riksdag on May 29, 1940, after the beginning of World War II, however, units had already been formed by the military before this. Home Guard units were groups of usually eight to 15 men that were to serve as defense units in case of war, located in towns and in both private and state-owned factories, throughout all of Sweden. Members of these small units usually consisted of former professional military men who were equipped with rifles, machine guns, ammunition, medicine, uniforms, and had the option of buying additional materials such as skis, sweaters and marching boots. An additional group, called the Lotta corps (''Women's Voluntary Defense Service''), helped with additional tasks that the Home Unit was unable to perform themselves. The Lotta corps helped provide the home unit with additional items such as socks, scarves and gloves as well as performing all administrative work that the unit could not afford to do themselves. In case of war, and in case the Home Guard was unable to utilize local hospitals, the Swedish Red Cross was prepared to set up first aid stations for its use.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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